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   Input and istreams
   It  remains  to  describe  how the C++  stream  input  facilities  are
   provided.  In  this  case  it is the right  shift  operator  which  is
   overloaded.

   An istream, like an ostream, has a private streambuf pointer, a  state
   variable, and a dynamic allocation flag. In addition it has an integer
   flag  which indicates whether or not whitespace characters are  to  be
   skipped, and an ostream pointer which may point at an ostream which is
   to be flushed before any input operations are performed. There is also
   a private function for skipping over whitespace.