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  Many programs work with files of text. As a result, most programmers have
  adopted text file formatting conventions that make it easier for text
  files to be used by different programs. The formats are defined by
  embedded characters that perform such functions as carriage returns,
  linefeeds, and backspaces.

  When you write a program that reads text files, you can make it more
  flexible by having it recognize a variety of different text file formats.
  Conversely, when you design a program to write files with a simple text
  format, other programs can more easily share your program's output. In
  this section, we'll describe the ordinary text format recognized by most
  text-processing programs, and then go on to discuss some of the text
  formats used in word-processor files.