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  An executable program whose code, data, and stack are mapped to distinct
  areas of memory can make efficient use of the 8086 registers. This is
  because the 8086's segment registers can each address a different portion
  of the memory map:

  .  The CS and IP registers point to the currently executing instruction.

  .  The DS register is used in combination with BX, SI, or DI to access
     program data.

  .  The SS register is used in combination with the SP and BP registers to
     point to data in the program's stack. The SS:SP combination points to
     the top of the stack, and SS:BP can be used to access data above or
     below the top of the stack.

  These aren't hard-and-fast rules for register usage. They are a natural
  consequence of the way the 8086 register set is designed.