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 strtol()                Convert String to Long Decimal Integer

 #include   <stdlib.h>

 long       strtol(nptr,endptr,base);
 const char *nptr;                       Pointer to string
 char       **endptr;                    Pointer to end of scan
 int        base;                        Number base to use

    strtol() converts a string pointed to by 'nptr' to a long-integer
    value.  The string is a sequence of characters that can be
    interpreted as a long-integer value.  strtol() stops reading the
    string at the first character that cannot be recognized as part of a
    long-integer value. 'endptr' points to the character that stopped the
    scan. This character could be the null character that terminated the
    string or the first numeric character greater than or equal to
    'base'.

    The string must match this sequence:

                  [whitespace] [sign] [0] [x] [digits]

    If 'base' is between 2 and 36, then 'base' is the base of the
    long-integer represented in 'nptr'.  If 'base' is 0, the first few
    characters of 'nptr' determine the base: If the first character is 0
    and the second character is '1'-'7', the value is an octal integer;
    if the first character is 0 and the second character is 'x' or 'X',
    the value is a hexadecimal integer; if the first character is '1'-
    '9', the value is a decimal integer.

       Returns:     The long value represented by the string.

   -------------------------------- Example ---------------------------------

    The following statements convert 'string' to a long integer.

           #include <stdlib.h>
           #include <stdio.h>

           int bas2 = 2;
           int bas8 = 8;
           int bas16 = 16;
           char *string = "12050a03";
           long longint;
           char *termn;

           main()
           {
               longint = strtol(string,&termn,bas2);
               printf("%s (base %d) = %ld\n",string,bas2,longint);

               longint = strtol(string,&termn,bas8);
               printf("%s (base %d) = %ld\n",string,bas8,longint);
           }